The interfaces between One Health and Global Health: A scoping review.

One Health (OH) and Global Health (GH) are interconnected perspectives that may contribute to subsidizing GH policies. This scoping review aims to map the volume, nature, and characteristics of studies focused on the interface of OH and GH concepts. We used PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus, and The Virtual Health Library (BVS) as the literature data sources for the review. The search strategy used the descriptors "one health", "one health concept", "one medicine", "global health", "international health", and "planetary health" in title and abstracts. We included original research presented as articles in scientific journals, book chapters or conference papers written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese, exploring the intersections between OH and GH concepts, not necessarily as their primary objectives, and published up to December 31, 2021. A total of 1.060 references were identified in the databases after removing duplicates, 139 publications selected for full-text evaluation and 45 publications were included for analysis. All included publications were published between 2011 and 2021, with the highest concentration in 2014 (22.2%). First authors were most frequently from the United States (35.6%), followed by the United Kingdom (15.6%). Overall, seven key themes were identified zoonosis, emerging infectious diseases, antimicrobial resistance, food safety, policy, human resources, and Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). The majority of the included publications employed OH concepts based on the United States Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, and the American Veterinary Medical Association definitions. We observed a common understanding of OH as an area of knowledge involving multiple disciplines and professionals and recognizing that both humans' and animals' health and the environment are interdependent. Although most authors demonstrated that health issues transcend national boundaries, a formal definition for GH was frequently not clearly identified. OH and GH interfaces are essential for accomplishing the 2030 Agenda and its SDG.

Transição da idade de casos, internações e óbitos em internações por Covid-19 no município do Rio de Janeiro / Age transition of cases, admissions, and deaths by COVID-19 in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro / Transición de la edad de casos, admisiones y muertes en admisiones por Covid-19 en el municipio de Río de Janeiro

O presente trabalho objetiva analisar a evolução de casos, internações e óbitos por Covid-19 no município do Rio de Janeiro por faixas etárias entre março de 2020 e abril de 2021. Foram calculadas as frequências absolutas e relativas de casos e óbitos por Covid-19 para faixas etárias decenais das semanas epidemiológicas (SE) 13 de 2020 a 21 de 2021 e intervalos de valores esperados por grupo etário e SE. Os resultados mostram que a maior carga de casos correspondeu às faixas etárias de 20 a 29 e 30 a 39 anos. Internações e óbitos se concentraram nos grupos de 60 a 69, 70 a 79 e 80 anos ou mais, com uma marcante tendência de rejuvenescimento da carga de óbitos a partir da SE 10 de 2021. Conclui-se que há uma transição da idade da pandemia no Rio de Janeiro, possivelmente pelo progresso da vacinação, mostrando, portanto, o sucesso desta medida. Reforçamos a necessidade de aceleração do processo de imunização da população para controle e prevenção da Covid-19.

To describe the evolution of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths from COVID-19 in the city of Rio de Janeiro by age group between March 2020 and April 2021. Methods: the relative frequencies of COVID-19 cases and deaths were calculated for ten-year age groups in the epidemiological week (EW) 13 from 2020 to 21 of 2021 and expected value ranges by age group and EW. Results: the higher burden of cases was concentrated in the 20-29 and 30-39 age groups. Hospitalizations and deaths were concentrated in the age groups 60-69 years, 70-79 years and 80 years or more, with a marked tendency to rejuvenate the burden of deaths from EW 10 of 2021. Conclusions: There is an age transition in the pandemic in Rio de Janeiro, possibly due to the progress of vaccination. This is, therefore, a successful measure. We insist on the need to accelerate the population immunization process for the control and prevention of COVID-19.

Analizar la evolución de casos, hospitalizaciones y muertes por Covid-19 en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro por franjas etarias entre marzo de 2020 y abril de 2021. Métodos: se calcularon las frecuencias absolutas y relativas de casos y defunciones por Covid-19 para grupos de diez años desde la semana epidemiológica (SE) 13 de 2020 hasta la 21 de 2021 e intervalos de valores esperados por grupo etario y SE. Resultados: la mayor carga de casos se concentró en las franjas etarias de 20 a 29 y de 30 a 39 años. Las hospitalizaciones y las muertes se concentraron en los grupos de 60 a 69, 70 a 79 años y 80 o más años, con una marcada tendencia a rejuvenecer la carga de muertes a partir de la SE 10 de 2021. Conclusiones: Hay una transición de la edad de la pandemia en Río de Janeiro, posiblemente debido al avance de la vacunación. Por lo tanto, esta medida es exitosa. Reforzamos la necesidad de acelerar el proceso de inmunización de la poblaciona para el control y la prevención del Covid-19.

Spatial analysis of the origin-destination flow of admissions for severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by COVID-19 in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro. / Análise espacial do fluxo origem-destino das internações por síndrome respiratória aguda grave por COVID-19 na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro.

This study analyzed the inter-municipality flow of hospital admissions due to severe acute respiratory syndrome by COVID-19 in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. We identified 12,676 inter-municipality hospitalizations for COVID-19 involving the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. In total, 11,288 (89.0%) admissions were of residents of the Metropolitan Region (RM), 87% residents in other municipalities of the same region and admitted to hospitals from the state capital, and 13% residents of the capital admitted to hospitals from other municipalities in the RM. There was a negative correlation when it comes to the distance between cities and the origin-destination flow (r=0.62, p<0.001). The RM of the capital Rio de Janeiro imports more admissions for SARS by COVID-19 than it exports. This study highlights the importance of care networks intended for more severe cases that mainly require specialized care.

Este estudo analisou o fluxo intermunicipal das internações por síndrome respiratória aguda grave por COVID-19 na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Foram identificadas 12.676 internações intermunicipais por COVID-19 envolvendo o município do Rio de Janeiro. Dessas, 11.288 (89,0%) eram de residentes na região metropolitana, 87% de residentes em outros municípios da mesma região e internados na capital do estado, e 13% eram residentes da capital internados em outros municípios da região. Há correlação negativa entre a distância dos municípios e o fluxo origem-destino (r=0,62, p<0,001). O município do Rio de Janeiro importa mais internações por síndrome respiratória aguda grave por COVID-19 do que exporta. Este estudo evidenciou a importância das redes de atendimento para casos mais graves, os quais necessitem, principalmente, de atenção especializada.

Space-time analysis of the first year of COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the space-time evolution of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in the Rio de Janeiro municipality, Brazil, during the first year of the pandemic. METHODS: An ecological study was carried out. The units of analysis were the neighborhoods of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Incidence and mortality rates, excess risk, Global Moran's Index (Moran's I), local indicator for spatial association, standardized incidence ratio, and standardized mortality ratio were estimated for neighborhoods in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. RESULTS: Over the first year of the pandemic, registries in the city of Rio de Janeiro included 204,888 cases and 19,017 deaths due to COVID-19. During the first three months of the pandemic, higher incidence rates were verified in the municipality compared with the state of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil, in addition to higher mortality rates compared with the state of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil from May 2020 to February 2021. Bonsucesso was the neighborhood with the highest incidence and mortality rates, and throughout the neighborhoods and months, there is no synchrony between the worst moments of the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: The authors emphasize the need for implementing more rigid control and prevention measures, increasing case detection, and accelerating the COVID-19 immunization campaign.

Space-time analysis of the first year of COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil / Análise espaço temporal do primeiro ano da pandemia de COVID-19 no município do Rio de Janeiro

ABSTRACT: Objective: To describe the space-time evolution of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 in the Rio de Janeiro municipality, Brazil, during the first year of the pandemic. Methods: An ecological study was carried out. The units of analysis were the neighborhoods of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Incidence and mortality rates, excess risk, Global Moran's Index (Moran's I), local indicator for spatial association, standardized incidence ratio, and standardized mortality ratio were estimated for neighborhoods in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Results: Over the first year of the pandemic, registries in the city of Rio de Janeiro included 204,888 cases and 19,017 deaths due to COVID-19. During the first three months of the pandemic, higher incidence rates were verified in the municipality compared with the state of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil, in addition to higher mortality rates compared with the state of Rio de Janeiro and Brazil from May 2020 to February 2021. Bonsucesso was the neighborhood with the highest incidence and mortality rates, and throughout the neighborhoods and months, there is no synchrony between the worst moments of the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: The authors emphasize the need for implementing more rigid control and prevention measures, increasing case detection, and accelerating the COVID-19 immunization campaign.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever a evolução espaço temporal de detecção de casos e mortalidade por COVID-19 no município do Rio de Janeiro durante o primeiro ano da pandemia. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo ecológico cujas unidades de análise foram os bairros do município do Rio de Janeiro. Calcularam-se as taxas de incidência e mortalidade, excesso de risco, índice de Moran global (I de Moran), indicador local de associação espacial, razão de incidência padronizada e razão de mortalidade padronizada para bairros do município do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: Foram notificados 204.888 casos e 19.017 óbitos por COVID-19. O município apresentou durante os três primeiros meses de pandemia taxas de incidência superiores às do estado do Rio de Janeiro e do Brasil e taxas de mortalidade superiores às do estado do Rio de Janeiro e Brasil de maio de 2020 até fevereiro de 2021. Bonsucesso foi o bairro com maiores taxas de incidência e mortalidade, e ao longo dos bairros e dos meses não há sincronia entre os piores momentos da pandemia de COVID-19. Conclusão: Ressaltamos a necessidade de implantação de medidas mais rígidas para controle e prevenção da COVID-19, aumento na detecção de casos e aceleração da campanha de imunização.

Análise espacial do fluxo origem-destino das internações por síndrome respiratória aguda grave por COVID-19 na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro / Spatial analysis of the origin-destination flow of admissions for severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by COVID-19 in the Metropolitan Region of Rio de Janeiro

RESUMO: Este estudo analisou o fluxo intermunicipal das internações por síndrome respiratória aguda grave por COVID-19 na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Foram identificadas 12.676 internações intermunicipais por COVID-19 envolvendo o município do Rio de Janeiro. Dessas, 11.288 (89,0%) eram de residentes na região metropolitana, 87% de residentes em outros municípios da mesma região e internados na capital do estado, e 13% eram residentes da capital internados em outros municípios da região. Há correlação negativa entre a distância dos municípios e o fluxo origem-destino (r=0,62, p<0,001). O município do Rio de Janeiro importa mais internações por síndrome respiratória aguda grave por COVID-19 do que exporta. Este estudo evidenciou a importância das redes de atendimento para casos mais graves, os quais necessitem, principalmente, de atenção especializada.

ABSTRACT: This study analyzed the inter-municipality flow of hospital admissions due to severe acute respiratory syndrome by COVID-19 in the metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro. We identified 12,676 inter-municipality hospitalizations for COVID-19 involving the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. In total, 11,288 (89.0%) admissions were of residents of the Metropolitan Region (RM), 87% residents in other municipalities of the same region and admitted to hospitals from the state capital, and 13% residents of the capital admitted to hospitals from other municipalities in the RM. There was a negative correlation when it comes to the distance between cities and the origin-destination flow (r=0.62, p<0.001). The RM of the capital Rio de Janeiro imports more admissions for SARS by COVID-19 than it exports. This study highlights the importance of care networks intended for more severe cases that mainly require specialized care.